![]() Twenty-nine MTAs were detected in environment one, 48 MTAs were discovered in environment two and 59 MTAs were detected using combined data from the two environments. In total, 136 significant marker trait associations (MTAs) were identified when the analysis was both performed individually and combined for two environments. In this study, a set of 225 diverse spring wheat accessions were used for multi-locus GWAS to evaluate SLURTs, including the number of spikes per plant (NSPP), spike length (SL), number of spikelets per spike (NSPS), grain weight per spike (GWPS), lowest tiller height (LTH), spike-layer thickness (SLT), spike-layer number (SLN) and spike-layer uniformity (SLU). The present study is the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) targeting SLURTs in wheat. Therefore, these parameters are important breeding targets for wheat improvement. Spike-layer uniformity (the consistency of the spike distribution in the vertical space)-related traits (SLURTs) are quantitative and have been shown to directly affect yield potential by modifying the plant architecture. Bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important cereal food crops for the global population.
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